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- Logic was always famous for how flexible it is when quantizing MIDI performances.Flex Audio is an amazing tool for quantizing your audio with just the same swingand feel as with MIDI.And after you've flexed a beat, you can get really creative with slicing on the transients.When you highlight an audio region that hasn't been flexed, the Region Parameterbox does not show Quantize, so obviouslyI can't quantize the beat or tighten up the feel by giving them the same swing value.
- Quantizing Audio in Logic Using the Flex Tool in Logic to quantize your loops can be really helpful to quickly make any drum loop fit in time with your track. With the Flex Tool engaged and Slice Mode on, you can shift the audio to a specific grid by selecting from the quantize options in the quantize section.
- Open one of the tracks you want to use as a reference in the Audio File Editor window and choose Audio File Detect Transients. After Logic analyzes the file, check the transients in the Audio File Editor to make sure they are positioned correctly.
- The purpose of quantization in music processing is to provide a more beat-accurate timing of sounds. Quantization is frequently applied to a record of MIDI notes created by the use of a musical keyboard or drum machine. Additionally, the phrase 'pitch quantization' can refer to pitch correction used in audio production, such as using Auto-Tune.
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The digitization of analog signals involves the rounding off of the values which are approximately equal to the analog values. The method of sampling chooses a few points on the analog signal and then these points are joined to round off the value to a near stabilized value. Such a process is called as Quantization.
Quantizing an Analog Signal
The analog-to-digital converters perform this type of function to create a series of digital values out of the given analog signal. The following figure represents an analog signal. This signal to get converted into digital, has to undergo sampling and quantizing.
The quantizing of an analog signal is done by discretizing the signal with a number of quantization levels. Quantization is representing the sampled values of the amplitude by a finite set of levels, which means converting a continuous-amplitude sample into a discrete-time signal.
The following figure shows how an analog signal gets quantized. The blue line represents analog signal while the brown one represents the quantized signal.
Both sampling and quantization result in the loss of information. The quality of a Quantizer output depends upon the number of quantization levels used. The discrete amplitudes of the quantized output are called as representation levels or reconstruction levels. The spacing between the two adjacent representation levels is called a quantum or step-size.
The following figure shows the resultant quantized signal which is the digital form for the given analog signal.
This is also called as Stair-case waveform, in accordance with its shape.
Types of Quantization
There are two types of Quantization - Uniform Quantization and Non-uniform Quantization.
The type of quantization in which the quantization levels are uniformly spaced is termed as a Uniform Quantization. The type of quantization in which the quantization levels are unequal and mostly the relation between them is logarithmic, is termed as a Non-uniform Quantization.
There are two types of uniform quantization. They are Mid-Rise type and Mid-Tread type. The following figures represent the two types of uniform quantization.
Figure 1 shows the mid-rise type and figure 2 shows the mid-tread type of uniform quantization.
The Mid-Rise type is so called because the origin lies in the middle of a raising part of the stair-case like graph. The quantization levels in this type are even in number.
The Mid-tread type is so called because the origin lies in the middle of a tread of the stair-case like graph. The quantization levels in this type are odd in number.
Both the mid-rise and mid-tread type of uniform quantizers are symmetric about the origin.
Quantization Error
For any system, during its functioning, there is always a difference in the values of its input and output. The processing of the system results in an error, which is the difference of those values.
The difference between an input value and its quantized value is called a Quantization Error. A Quantizer is a logarithmic function that performs Quantization (rounding off the value). An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) works as a quantizer.
The following figure illustrates an example for a quantization error, indicating the difference between the original signal and the quantized signal.
Quantization Noise
It is a type of quantization error, which usually occurs in analog audio signal, while quantizing it to digital. For example, in music, the signals keep changing continuously, where a regularity is not found in errors. Such errors create a wideband noise called as Quantization Noise.
Companding in PCM
The word Companding is a combination of Compressing and Expanding, which means that it does both. This is a non-linear technique used in PCM which compresses the data at the transmitter and expands the same data at the receiver. The effects of noise and crosstalk are reduced by using this technique.
There are two types of Companding techniques. They are −
A-law Companding Technique
Uniform quantization is achieved at A = 1, where the characteristic curve is linear and no compression is done.
A-law has mid-rise at the origin. Hence, it contains a non-zero value.
A-law companding is used for PCM telephone systems.
µ-law Companding Technique
Uniform quantization is achieved at µ = 0, where the characteristic curve is linear and no compression is done.
µ-law has mid-tread at the origin. Hence, it contains a zero value.
µ-law companding is used for speech and music signals.
µ-law is used in North America and Japan.
What is quantization? You can find the quantizing option in most DAWs like Ableton Live, Cubase, Logic X, etc.
Imagine you record a MIDI drum pattern into your DAW. Because we're humans, you'll probably have some timing mistakes while hammering down on your MIDI controller. This is where quantization comes to save your recording. With a few mouse clicks, you can ‘snap' the MIDI notes into the respective beats and achieve a 100% on-time snappy recording.
The problem is hard quantization will take away the ‘humanization' or ‘musicality' of your recording. Your recording will sound very unnatural and robotic.
In this post I like to show you how to quantize your MIDI recordings and yet achieve a natural and good sounding recording which is in time.
Quantize Logic Pro X
Before we fix your timing issues in your MIDI recording, I'd like you to understand how to use quantization.
It's important to take the initiative to learn time values in music theory before attempting to use quantization.
First of all, you have to understand music time values. Quantizing is basically a function used to correct the timing of the MIDI notes in which you use time values as its settings.
Watch the video below. It's an old video but if you're new to MIDI composing and looking to learn quantization, you'll be able to pick up a few golden nuggets from the video below.
Depending on where you studied music, people might tell you different things. For instance, studying music under the British method, I grew up learning a Semibreve has 4 counts. It was later in my production years when I learn that a semibreve is also called a whole note in American music study.
The same goes for music structure, where a ‘bar' is called a ‘measure in American music study. Since most music softwares are made with American music terms in mind, you'll find quantization values measured in American names.
Now that you got basic quantization under your belt, it's time for me to introduce to you some other interesting quantization techniques. In this video below, I'll explain quantizing swing rhythms, triplets and creating a quantize groove. How do you transfer photos from samsung to computer.
Note: Not all DAWs have the groove quantize feature although most DAWs come with the quantization feature. Here is a list of DAWs that I know has groove quantize.
1. Steinberg Cubase – I'm using Cubase & loving it's stability.
2. Logic X – The most complete DAW ever.
3. Pro Tools – The industry standard, however a little not so user friendly for me.
4. Ableton Live – The electronic music nerd head's choice.
5. Sonar Producer – I didn't like Sonar at all but I still see many people using it.
Power Tip: You can always steal grooves from commercial loops and music you like and then apply it on your own tracks.
Here are some additional tips I wrote in hopes that they'll help you create better music when using quantization.
I hope this short video post have helped you understand quantization better and my hopes are you use them in your MIDI compositions! My explanation on quantizing are carried in Cubase, but the techniques to quantize will be the same across different DAWs.
How To Quantize Audio In Logic
Let me know if you need any help on quantization on your different music softwares like Ableton Live, Logic X and more. I'll be happy to create new videos on how to quantize on those music softwares.
Cubase Quantize Audio
Happy quantizing!